Basic Components of Electronic

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https://www.youtube.com/@rajkushvanttechnology3433 Basic Components of Electronics – Complete Guide for Beginners

Understanding the basic components of electronics is the first and most important step toward learning how electronic devices work. Whether you are repairing TVs, laptops, computers, home theaters, or designing your own circuits, knowing these components will help you troubleshoot faults confidently.

In this blog from Rajkushvant Technology – Repair, Sales & Service Center (Dharwad), we explain each component with simple examples, working principles, and practical use cases.

What Are Electronic Components?

Electronic components are the building blocks of every electronic circuit. for more info visit https://www.youtube.com/@rajkushvanttechnology3433 
They:

    • Control current and voltage

    • Store energy

    • Process signals

    • Convert one form of energy to another

    • Protect circuits from over-current or short-circuit

From small SMD parts to large power devices, every component has a specific role in circuit design and repair.

1. Resistor (R)

Function

    • Controls/reduces current flow

    • Protects other components

    • Used for voltage division

Where Used

    • TV motherboards

    • Laptop circuits

    • LED backlight circuits

    • Power supplies

Key Points

    • Measured in Ohms (Ω)

    • Types: Fixed, Variable (Potentiometer), SMD

2. Capacitor (C)

Function

    • Stores and releases electrical energy

    • Filters noise

    • Smoothens voltage in power circuits

Types

    • Electrolytic

    • Ceramic

    • Tantalum

    • Film capacitor

Common Uses

    • SMPS power boards

    • TV power supply

    • Laptop motherboard VRM

    • Audio circuits

Symptoms of Faulty Capacitor

    • No power

    • Restarting issue

    • Flickering display

3. Inductor (L) / Coil

Function

    • Stores energy in magnetic field

    • Filters AC ripple

    • Used in DC-DC conversion

Where Used

    • SMPS

    • LED TV power boards

    • Laptop charging section

4. Diode

Function

    • Allows current in one direction

    • Used for rectification and protection

Types

    • Rectifier Diode

    • Zener Diode

    • Schottky Diode

    • LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Applications

    • AC to DC conversion

    • Reverse voltage protection

    • Backlight circuits

5. Transistor

Function

    • Works as an electronic switch or amplifier

Types

    • NPN / PNP

    • MOSFET

    • IGBT

    • SMD transistors

Where Used

    • SMPS power supply

    • Motherboard VRM

    • Audio amplifiers

    • LED drivers

Fault Symptoms

    • No power

    • Overheating

    • Short circuit

6. IC (Integrated Circuit)

What It Does

    • Performs advanced functions

    • Contains multiple mini components internally

Types

    • Power IC

    • CPU / MCU

    • Audio IC

    • Charging IC

    • EEPROM IC

Use Cases

    • LED/LCD TV motherboard

    • Laptop controller section

    • Smart board/Interactive panel

    • Home theater main board

7. Transformer

Function

    • Steps up or steps down AC voltage

    • Provides isolation

Where Used

    • CRT and LED TV SMPS

    • Laptop adapters

    • Inverter circuits

8. Relay

Function

    • Electrically operated switch

    • Controls high voltage with low voltage

Applications

    • Power control circuits

    • Stabilizers

    • Home appliances

9. Fuse

Function

    • Protects the device from overload

    • Cuts power during short circuit

Common Fault Example

    • TV full dead

    • Laptop no power

    • SMPS not turning on

10. Switch

Function

    • Manually opens or closes an electrical circuit

Examples

    • Power button

    • Mode switch

    • Selector switch

11. Battery

Function

    • Stores DC energy

    • Powers portable devices

Used In

    • Laptops

    • Remote controls

    • Toys

    • UPS backup

12. Potentiometer (Variable Resistor)

Function

    • Adjusts resistance manually

    • Used for control and calibration

Applications

    • Volume control

    • Brightness control

    • Audio mixers

Why Learning These Components is Important?

Understanding basic components helps technicians and students:

    • Diagnose PCB faults faster

    • Repair TVs, laptops, computers effectively

    • Learn advanced chip-level troubleshooting

    • Reduce replacement cost

    • Improve repair accuracy

    • Design custom circuits

Final Words

Electronic components may look small, but they play a huge role in every device. Whether you are a beginner or a professional technician, mastering these basics builds a strong foundation for troubleshooting and design work.

At Rajkushvant Technology, we repair and service LED TVs, laptops, computers, home theaters, interactive panels, and electronic PCBs, and we also provide online chip-level training on YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/@rajkushvanttechnology3433

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